Transfusion Therapy Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Why is FFP given to patients with severe liver disease?
• What type of blood is given if crossmatching has not been completed?
• What are the minimum hematologic requirements for preoperative autologous donation?
• Bleeding time is a reliable predictor of bleeding during surgical procedures.
• What does Thromboelastography (TEG) measure?
• What device is used for intraoperative and postoperative blood salvage?
• What is the normal range for platelet count?
• Which device is typically implanted under the skin and accessed with a needle?
• Which test measures the intrinsic coagulation pathway?
• How is the rise in platelet count after transfusion verified?
• What is a key ethical consideration when planning surgery for Jehovah's Witness patients?
• In Rh-negative individuals, anti-D antibodies typically develop after exposure to Rh-positive blood through what scenarios?
• When multiple coagulation factor deficiencies are present, which scenario indicates the use of FFP?
• What is an early intra-transfusion indicator of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
• What is the estimated total blood volume (EBV) per kilogram for an adult female?
• What is the hematocrit of the blood product returned during blood salvage?
• During acute normovolemic hemodilution, which physiological changes occur?
• Tranexamic acid TXA is what type of drug?
• What defines someone as Rh negative?
• What is the clinical rationale for diuresis in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
• Why are packed red blood cells given instead of only IV fluids?
• Which symptom is NOT part of the awake presentation of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
• Which statement about large-gauge IVs is true?
• What term describes a blood donation made by a family member or friend for a specific patient?
• Citrate in PRBCs can cause hypocalcemia; what is a dangerous consequence?
• Is ABO compatibility required for cryoprecipitate transfusion?
• How much does one unit of platelets raise the platelet count?
• How much calcium gluconate equals the calcium content of calcium chloride?
• What is preoperative autologous donation?
• What principle does Thromboelastography (TEG) use to evaluate clotting?
• Which salt is preferred for peripheral IV administration?
• Which compatibility is required for fresh frozen plasma transfusion?
• What is the first-line blood component used for factor depletion during transfusion?
• Calcium supplementation during PRBC transfusion after how many units or during which protocol?
• What is the typical volume for a Raytec sponge in estimating blood loss?
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation is abbreviated as which of the following?
• What is the normal range for PT?
• Which port component is described as a silicone bubble for needle insertion?
• What is isovolemic hemodilution?
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is best described as which of the following?
• In which situations is blood salvage contraindicated?
• Which antigen is present in Type B blood?
• When should the warming cartridge be inserted in the Ranger blood warmer system?
• What can be used to warm blood during a PRBC transfusion?
• What are pooled platelets? How are they prepared?
• Which statement about ports is true?
• Which test is commonly used to detect antibodies that can cause transfusion reactions and is associated with the Coombs test?
• Which test identifies blood and Rh type and screens serum for minor blood group antibodies that could cause hemolysis?
• Which statement about massive transfusion protocols is true?
• In thromboelastography, the time until the clot reaches a set firmness is represented by which parameter?
• Why can PICC lines be difficult for rapid infusion?
• In preoperative planning for Jehovah's Witness patients, which approach is most appropriate?
• Which test measures the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
• Which of the following are criteria for activation of the Massive Transfusion Protocol?
• Which factor corresponds to prothrombin?
• When is cryoprecipitate used in Hemophilia A or von Willebrand disease (vWD)?
• What is the normal range for Thrombin Time (TT)?
• What is the transfusion hematocrit threshold for healthy patients?
• What defines someone as Rh positive?
• Why is communication with the surgeon and attending important during PRBC administration?
• What is the estimated total blood volume (EBV) per kilogram for an adult male?
• Which test carries a higher risk of transfusion reaction, Type & Screen or Type & Crossmatch?
• Which statement about fresh frozen plasma contents is true?
• aPTT most sensitively detects deficiencies in which factors?
• What causes an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
• Which statement about TT is true?
• What type of fluid is used to dilute blood during acute normovolemic hemodilution?
• Which of the following is a stated reason for using normal saline to dilute PRBCs?
• During DIC or massive transfusion, cryoprecipitate is indicated when fibrinogen level is below
• Which therapy is used to stimulate red blood cell production and may reduce transfusion needs?
• Which laboratory finding is most suggestive of DIC?
• What potential risk occurs if calcium-containing solutions are used with stored PRBCs?
• Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count below which value?
• What does leucoreduction in platelet processing aim to remove?
• Why must a port be aspirated before use?
• What does PICC stand for?
• According to ASA guidelines, RBC transfusion is rarely indicated when Hb is greater than which value?
• Which steps are included in a Type & Crossmatch?
• Which factor is among the main risk factors for developing transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?
• Besides FFP, which agent can reverse Warfarin therapy?
• Prolonged PT usually indicates deficiency of which clotting factor?
• Why is calcium gluconate generally preferred over calcium chloride for administration?
• Which blood test is used in patients with an imminent need for transfusion, such as trauma, sickle cell crisis, or invasive surgery?
• Which antibodies are present in Type A blood?
• Intraoperative blood salvage is contraindicated in which scenario?
• Cryoprecipitate is primarily used to replenish which coagulation factor deficiency?
• Which protocol is activated during life-threatening hemorrhaging?
• What IV gauge size is required for administering blood products?
• Which of the following is not one of the four main transfusion blood products?
• Which component is assessed in a Type & Screen?
• Why can't Lactated Ringer's or Plasma-Lyte be used to dilute PRBCs?
• What should be done first if TRALI is suspected?
• Citrate reduces which form of calcium?
• Which statement is true regarding albumin in Jehovah's Witness blood management?
• Which of the following conditions is listed as a factor that lowers RBC transfusion threshold?
• Which platelet product originates from a single donor?
• Should fresh frozen plasma be warmed prior to administration?
• Severe bleeding during surgery is most likely when platelet count is in which range?
• Why should PRBCs be warmed before transfusion?
• Which antigen is present in Type O blood?
• Cryoprecipitate is used to treat deficiencies of which factors?
• Bleeding time begins to increase significantly when platelet count falls below which value?
• Collection and reinfusion of the patient's own blood during or after surgery is referred to as what?
• Do platelets need to be ABO compatible?
• Which action helps monitor for hemoglobinuria during an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
• Which parameter reflects the percent of clot breakdown 30 minutes after MA?
• Common uses of TXA include which scenario?
• How does a port compare to a PICC line in terms of duration?
• Which transfusion reaction is rare but presents with sudden acute respiratory distress after transfusion?
• Which topic should be included in preoperative counseling for Jehovah's Witness patients?
• Which fluid should be used to dilute PRBCs during transfusion?
• Which directly converts fibrinogen to fibrin?
• How is calcium gluconate typically administered?
• What amount of transfused blood can trigger an acute hemolytic reaction?
• What is the leading cause of transfusion-related deaths in the United States?
• How many Rhesus group red cell antigens are there?
• How many listed steps address blood product considerations for Jehovah's Witness patients in preoperative planning?
• If a patient's hematocrit is 30%, what is the approximate hemoglobin level?
• How is hypoxemia managed in TRALI?
• Two bags of cryoprecipitate would contain approximately how many units?
• What is the approximate distribution of total blood volume between plasma and red blood cells?
• Which statement best describes the brands listed for rapid transfuser machines?
• A technique where blood is diluted with fluids so there are fewer red blood cells lost during bleeding is called what?
• Intraoperative signs of an acute hemolytic reaction?
• Which blood conservation technique should be discussed with Jehovah's Witness patients before surgery?
• During disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with active bleeding, what platelet count should be maintained?
• A condition caused by rapid or large-volume transfusion, especially in patients with heart or kidney disease, is known as which?
• What does the abbreviation T&S stand for in pretransfusion testing?
• What complication can citrate in transfused blood cause during a transfusion?
• Which antigen is present in Type A blood?
• In managing an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, which step is performed after stopping the transfusion?
• What precipitate remains when FFP is thawed slowly?
• Cryoprecipitate contains high levels of which components?
• Platelets are stored at what temperature?
• Before starting PRBC transfusion in the OR, which elements are typically verified?
• Which statement accurately describes administration of calcium chloride?
• TXA dosing for patients weighing 25-40 kg: loading dose
• One unit of cryoprecipitate increases fibrinogen levels by how much?
• Which TEG parameter corresponds to maximum clot strength?
• Which blood product is not typically included in the standard 1:1:1 MTP ratio?
• Each bag of cryoprecipitate contains how many units?
• What is the function of DDAVP (Desmopressin)?
• How is TACO treated?
• In the Rh system, which statement is correct regarding donor compatibility?
• What is a Type & Crossmatch?
• When do Rh-negative patients develop antibodies against the D antigen?
• When must TXA be administered after injury to be effective?
• The D antigen is associated with which red cell feature?
• What are two ways to increase the infusion speed during a PRBC transfusion?
• What determines a person's blood type?
• Qualitative platelet deficiency refers to which condition?
• Which single-factor deficiency is most commonly treated with FFP?
• Which of the following is an example of a large-gauge IV?
• What does the drip chamber for PRBC administration contain?
• How can calcium levels be monitored during transfusion?
• When should transfusion be considered during surgery?
• Quantitative platelet deficiency refers to a decreased platelet count.
• Which statement about calcium supplementation during or after PRBC transfusion is correct?
• What is the approximate relationship between hematocrit and hemoglobin?
• Platelet count accurately reflects platelet activity.
• What is the function of citrate in PRBC preservation?
• Which medication is used to treat citrate-induced hypocalcemia?
• Which condition can rapidly deplete fibrinogen levels?
• What is the normal bleeding time?
• What are apheresis platelets? How are they collected?
• Which aspects of coagulation does TEG provide information on?
• When using a pressure bag to increase transfusion flow, which safety statement is true?
• Which combination of products constitutes the standard 1:1:1 MTP ratio?
• Which calcium salt is more likely to cause tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs?
• Which blood test is used in patients without an immediate need for transfusion, such as pregnant or pre-surgical patients?
• Approximately what percentage reduction in factor levels is typically needed before aPTT becomes prolonged?
• When can cryoprecipitate be used to treat bleeding caused by uremia?
• _______ is added to PRBC bag before transfusion to reduce viscosity and allow faster infusion
• What determines the severity of an acute hemolytic reaction?
• What happens if the warming cartridge is not inserted before priming the Ranger system?
• During isovolemic hemodilution, how is oxygen delivery maintained?
• Hyperkalemia risk during transfusion is highest in which patient population?
• Which formula correctly calculates Allowable Blood Loss (ABL)?
• How long does it take to process a directed blood donation?
• What unit accompanies the platelet count in normal ranges?
• What type of testing determines a patient's ABO and Rh blood type?
• Platelet transfusion addresses which types of deficiencies?
• What is the overall aim in the perioperative management of Jehovah's Witness patients?
• Which test detects antibodies that can cause non-ABO hemolytic transfusion reactions and is also called the Coombs test?
• Platelet transfusion is indicated when there is either a quantitative or qualitative deficiency in platelets.
• What does a Type and Screen (T&S) test include?
• By approximately how much does one unit of PRBCs increase hemoglobin in a 70 kg adult?
• A person tests positive for the Rh antigen but lacks A and B antigens; what is their blood type?
• What is a common risk during rapid PRBC transfusion due to citrate anticoagulant?
• For closed cavity procedures such as neurosurgery, what platelet count should be maintained?
• Which of the following is a common brand of rapid transfuser machines used for blood product administration?
• Which condition is listed as an example scenario where the Massive Transfusion Protocol might be activated?
• What should the decision to transfuse red blood cells be based on?
• Which statement best describes antibodies in Type AB blood?
• Fresh Frozen Plasma can be divided into which two components?
• In DIC, which laboratory finding is commonly observed?
• Which laboratory finding is commonly elevated in DIC?
• Is FFP indicated for volume expansion?
• In thromboelastography (TEG), the latency until clot formation begins is represented by which parameter?
• What is the transfusion hematocrit threshold for patients with well-compensated systemic disease?
• Why is it important to ask about albumin acceptance in Jehovah's Witness patients?
• Which pharmacologic agent is commonly used to conserve blood by promoting red blood cell production?
• Approximately how much do clotting factor levels increase per unit of fresh frozen plasma transfused?
• Which component is used for correction of microvascular bleeding during massive transfusion?
• Which clotting factor is involved in the intrinsic pathway?
• Where do intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways converge?
• Which test is faster and cheaper, Type & Screen or Type & Crossmatch?
• Which clotting factor is involved in the extrinsic pathway?
• Which of the following is NOT contained in fresh frozen plasma (FFP)?
• How long does Vitamin K take to work to reverse Warfarin therapy?
• Hyperkalemia during transfusion occurs because banked blood contains potassium; which patient is at highest risk?
• Which transfusion product is used to replenish coagulation factors?
• What is a port, and what are its main components?
• What is the approximate volume for a large lap pad used in intraoperative blood loss estimation?
• What is the first test ordered in the evaluation of primary hemostasis?
• Which practice contributes to safe PRBC transfusion in the OR?
• By approximately how much does one unit of PRBCs increase hematocrit in a 70 kg adult?
• What must be checked before administering PRBCs to a patient?
• Which test would be most appropriate to assess the overall coagulation status of whole blood during dynamic clot formation?
• If PT is prolonged with a normal aPTT, which factor is most likely deficient?
• Why can calcium levels drop during PRBC transfusion?
• At what platelet count are transfusions usually given?
• When is cryoprecipitate given to patients with congenital dysfibrinogenemia?
• What is the name of the viscoelastic point‐of‐care device designed for automated and rapid noncontact assessment of hemostasis?
• Citrate-induced hypotension during transfusion is caused by what mechanism?
• What values can be used in place of Hb in the ABL equation?
• Symptoms of an acute hemolytic reaction in an awake person?
• What is the purpose of a blood refusal form in the context of Jehovah's Witness patients?
• Which antibodies are present in Type O blood?
• How can citrate-induced hypocalcemia be treated during transfusion?
• What is the transfusion hematocrit threshold for patients with symptomatic cardiac or cerebrovascular disease?
• What is the usual dose of fresh frozen plasma per kilogram?
• Cryoprecipitate concentrates which factors?
• Which agent is used to promote diuresis in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
• Fibrinogen levels below which value may be inadequate to produce a clot?
• Which antibodies are present in Type B blood?
• Which test would you order when there is time to detect antibodies before transfusion?
• What laboratory test measures the ability of thrombin to convert fibrinogen to fibrin?
• Which IV solutions should not be used with PRBC transfusions because they can bind citrate?
• How are blood products administered during an MTP?
• Hypothermia during transfusion can cause which of the following complications?
• Bleeding time can be prolonged by which conditions?
• Which parameter on viscoelastic testing is used to assess fibrinolysis at 30 minutes after clot formation?
• Fresh Frozen Plasma is primarily used to replace which component in coagulopathy?
• Following the stoppage of transfusion in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, which action involves drawing laboratory specimens?
• After multiple units of packed red blood cells transfusion, how much calcium is typically given?
• Which statement best describes the ABO-Rh testing process?
• Which gauge is explicitly mentioned as an example of a large-gauge IV?
• At what platelet count should transfusion be considered for non-bleeding patients without other hemostatic abnormalities?
• TXA dosing for patients weighing 25-40 kg: maintenance infusion
• Which device is commonly used for chemotherapy administration?
• What is an example of an alternative therapy to reduce transfusion needs?
• Which factor can lower the transfusion threshold for RBC transfusion?
• Which antigens are present on platelets?
• Steps of the coagulation cascade starting from Factor X activation
• Which statement is true about TXA?
• Which of the following is a blood-conservation option that may be discussed with Jehovah's Witness patients?
• Which pairing is correct for a coagulation factor with its inactive form?
• Which statement about ABO compatibility for cryoprecipitate transfusion is true?
• What fluid is used to prime rapid transfuser machines before administering blood products?
• What is the main purpose of a hemodialysis catheter?
• Before elective surgery for a Jehovah's Witness patient, which action should be completed?
• Which test is more time-consuming and expensive but provides optimal safety?
• During ongoing bleeding and transfusion, what platelet count should be maintained?
• Hypothermia during transfusion may cause a possible complication?
• Which test is an acceptable clinical measure of platelet function?
• Which antigens are present in Type AB blood?
• How many units of PRBCs are typically included at minimum in an MTP?
• If a person lacks both A and B antigens, what is their blood type?
• According to ASA guidelines, RBC transfusion is almost always indicated when Hb falls below which value?
• What are ports commonly used for?
• Fresh Frozen Plasma primarily provides which to treat coagulopathy?
• True or False: Hemodialysis catheters cannot be used for medication or fluid administration.
• What technology does the Quantra Hemostasis Analyzer use to measure clot formation?
• True or False: Ports can also be used to deliver fluids or medications.
• What is the minimum platelet count recommended for procedures such as epidural anesthesia, central line placement, endoscopy with biopsy, or laparotomy when there are no other hemostatic issues?
• What is the typical ratio of blood products used in an MTP?
• During massive transfusion, dilutional coagulopathy is caused by dilution of what?
• Should platelets be warmed before transfusion?
• What are the hematocrit and total volume of a unit of PRBCs?
• What is the first step in managing an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
• What causes Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)?
• What preservative is used in PRBC units that can cause calcium binding?
• Which therapy should be discussed as an alternative to transfusion for Jehovah's Witness patients before surgery?
• Which test involves mixing donor red cells with the recipient's serum to check compatibility?
• What is the normal fibrinogen level range?
• TXA dosing for patients weighing more than 40 kg: maintenance infusion
• What is the primary purpose of a cell saver in the operating room?
• Which parameter on thromboelastography describes the speed of clot formation?
• A prolonged TT indicates which condition?
• Which best describes albumin in transfusion planning for Jehovah's Witness patients?
• For a 70 kg adult, what is the typical volume range for a standard FFP dose?
• If using a pressure bag to increase transfusion flow, what type of IV should be used?
• FFP is commonly used to reverse anticoagulation from which therapy?
• In hypotension associated with TRALI, what is an initial measure used to manage the condition?
• Directed blood donation is generally discouraged by blood banks.
• What can trigger Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
• Which is a contraindication for TXA use?
• What does hematocrit represent?
• What causes the most severe transfusion reactions?
• In some clinical situations, such as neurosurgery, transfusion targets may be higher than the usual threshold.
• TXA dosing for patients weighing more than 40 kg: initial loading dose
• What is the primary use of a PICC line?
• Through which route should calcium chloride be administered?
• How many pooled units are equivalent to one apheresis unit?
• How many units are typically in one pack of platelets?
• Which agent is commonly used to promote diuresis during an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
• Which calcium solution is better tolerated through a peripheral IV?
• What is the normal range for aPTT?
• Why should hemoglobin and hematocrit (H&H) be checked frequently during surgery?
• How can Estimated Blood Loss be calculated during surgery?
• Who benefits most from preoperative autologous donation?
• How should calcium chloride be administered to avoid complications?
• Spontaneous bleeding is likely to occur when platelet count falls to which range?
• During massive transfusion to prevent dilutional coagulopathy, which components are included in the protocol?